What Are EDS and HSD?
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are a group of heritable connective tissue disorders that affect collagen—the most abundant protein in the body. There are thirteen types of EDS described in the current classification criteria, each with a set of core features, ranging from joint hypermobility and skin hyperextensibility to organ and vascular fragility. Hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) refer to individuals who experience symptomatic joint hypermobility, but do not meet the current 2017 criteria for a diagnosis of hypermobile EDS.
Although there are genetic tests for all but the hypermobile type of EDS and HSD, many individuals remain undiagnosed for decades. This delay can lead to worsening symptoms and secondary conditions—including:
- chronic pain,
- fatigue,
- autonomic dysfunction,
- gastrointestinal issues, and
- mental health challenges.
For some of the rarer types of EDS a lack of recognition or care can lead to life-threatening events and death.
