It is generally accepted that there is a link between the consumption of junk food high in saturated fats and salt and premature heart disease.However, there is now increasing evidence to demonstrate that there is also a link between poor oral health and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the large amount of sugar contained in junk foods is believed to be contributing to this problem. As a consequence, experts are now calling for health policy to target the reduction of sugar in junk food, and in fizzy drinks in particular.
In an article published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,Dr Ahmed Rashid from the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, said: "As well as having high levels of fats and salt, junk foods often contain a great deal of sugar and the effect this has on oral health may be an important additional mechanism by which junk food elevates risk of CVD." He added: "Among different types of junk food, soft drinks have raised particular concerns and are the main source of free sugar for many individuals."
The mechanism by which poor oral health increases CVD risk is thought to be an inflammatory response to chronic infection caused by gum disease. Despite the convincing evidence linking poor oral health to premature heart disease, the most recent UK national guidance on the prevention of CVD at population level mentions the reduction of sugar only indirectly.
Dr Rashid acknowledges that decreasing the consumption of junk food will require a multifaceted approach. Reducing the availability of fast food by cutting the number of outlets and through pricing and taxation will all play a part.
Dr Rashid said: "The UK population should be encouraged to reduce fizzy drink intake and improve oral hygiene. Reducing sugar consumption and managing dental problems early could help prevent heart problems later in life."
