Oral surgery: definition, procedures, and recovery

Oral surgery: definition, procedures and recovery

Teeth extractions

Teeth extractions are a common procedure in oral surgery performed by experienced dental surgeons for various reasons, including severe cavities, dental fractures, or orthodontic issues. The process can be summarized as follows:

• Before the intervention, the dentist conducts a clinical evaluation of the mouth, often accompanied by X-rays, to determine the best approach and anticipate the difficulty level of the extraction.
• The extraction procedure begins with the administration of local anesthesia to ensure optimal comfort for the patient.
• The surgeon uses special instruments to gently detach the tooth from its socket (alveolus) and luxate it for extraction. In some cases, a small incision or bone milling may be necessary to facilitate the extraction.
• The postoperative phase requires special attention. Patients are generally advised to take prescribed pain relievers to manage discomfort and to follow a soft diet for a few days.

Jaw surgery

Also known as orthognathic surgery, jaw surgery is a specialized intervention to correct various issues related to the structure or position of the jaw. This procedure is often recommended to address these conditions:

• Severe malocclusions
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders
• Uneven facial growth problems
• Congenital anomalies

The surgical techniques employed vary depending on the nature of the problem and may include bone reduction or augmentation, jaw repositioning, or interventions on the temporomandibular joints.

Recovering from jaw surgery may involve a liquid or soft diet for a few weeks and specific care to minimize swelling and reduce discomfort. Patients are usually closely monitored to oversee the healing process and ensure that the outcome aligns with functional and aesthetic expectations.

Dental implants

Dental implants play a crucial role in restoring both oral function and aesthetics. Their primary goal is to replace a missing tooth by establishing a solid and durable foundation for a dental prosthesis. This solution is essential for preventing bone loss and preserving the integrity of the facial structure. The dental implantation procedure involves several precise steps:

• First, a thorough medical and dental clinical and radiographic evaluation is conducted to determine the patient's suitability for implants.
• Second, a study is conducted to decide on the diameter and length of the implant to be placed.
• Next, the implant, a small titanium screw, is surgically inserted into the jawbone, acting as an artificial root. This screw serves as a stable support for future dental prostheses.

The recovery process after dental implant placement is important. Patients typically undergo specific postoperative care to promote optimal healing. This may include:

• Dietary precautions
• Medication for pain management
• Rigorous oral hygiene

Oral surgery recovery

The general recovery guidelines following an oral surgical procedure ensure optimal recovery:

• For pain management, patients are prescribed pain relievers to alleviate discomfort. It is critical to diligently follow dosage instructions to maintain effective relief while avoiding potential side effects.

• Swelling and bruising are normal responses after a surgical intervention. Applying cold compresses to the affected area can help reduce inflammation. During the initial days following the procedure, avoid anything that could increase swelling, such as local heat.

• Temporary dietary restrictions are often necessary to facilitate healing. Patients are often advised to follow a soft diet, favoring easily chewable foods that don’t require extensive mouth opening.

By carefully adhering to these guidelines, patients can significantly contribute to their recovery, ensuring an effective and comfortable recuperation after an oral surgical procedure.

Oral surgery complications and how to handle them

Oral surgeries, although generally safe, can present potential complications. Three common complications are as follows:

• Postoperative infections may occur despite preventive measures. Monitor signs of infection, such as fever, redness, swelling, and increased pain. If there’s suspicion of infection, immediately contact the healthcare professional for appropriate antibiotic treatment.
• Excessive bleeding can occur, especially immediately after surgery. By applying firm pressure to the affected area using a clean compress, bleeding can often be controlled. If bleeding persists, medical consultation is necessary.
• Nerve damage can manifest as numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the affected area. These symptoms should be reported to the surgeon immediately. In some cases, nerve recovery may be spontaneous, but professional evaluation is essential to determine the appropriate treatment.

In conclusion

Oral surgery remains a crucial discipline for oral health. The importance of professional guidance cannot be overstated, highlighting the vital role of dentists in the planning and execution of interventions. For patients, meticulously following postoperative instructions is key to ensuring optimal recovery. By combining the expertise of healthcare professionals and the commitment of patients, oral surgery promises to significantly improve the quality of life, extending beyond the resolution of dental issues to achieve lasting oral well-being.

About the author

Dr. Suzanna Maria Sayegh is a Doctor in Dental Surgery who graduated from the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut. She holds a Master’s degree in Esthetic and Prosthetic Dentistry, a Master’s in Research and Biomaterials, and a University Diploma in Oral Pathology. She continuously seeks out professional development opportunities that allow her to remain aware and knowledgeable about new dental practices and the latest technologies being considered or used.