Rhinitis due to atrophy of the mucous membrane lining the nose, causing it to become thin, dry and crusty.

Inflammation of the vagina.

Withering or weakening of a body tissue due to disease or disuse.

A microbe that has been treated so as to be less able to cause disease. Attenuated bacteria or viruses are used in many immunisations, to stimulate the body's immune system against a disease without actually causing that disease.

Treatment of a microbe so that it is less able to cause disease. Attenuated bacteria or viruses are used for many immunisations, to stimulate the body's immune system against a disease without actually causing that disease.

The measurement of hearing.

Relating to the sense of hearing.

An antibody directed against the body's own tissues, typically produced in autoimmune disorders

A laboratory test used to help diagnose autoimmune disorders.

Any condition caused by the body’s immune response against its own tissues.

A test that help to diagnose disorders caused by a reaction of the immune system against the body's own cells and tissues.

The part of the nervous system supplying muscles such as the heart and bowels, known as involuntary muscles.

A disease that results from the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bones.

An abbreviation for abdominal x-ray.

An ancient system of Indian medicine.

Relating to X-ray imaging of the blood vessels following the injection of a dye to improve visibility

Containing no cells.

Fusion or rigidity between two bones.

Keyhole surgery to the lining of a joint.

A complication following an injury or trauma to a joint where excessive scar tissue leads to painful restriction of joint motion.

An AVM or arteriovenous malformation forms when arteries connect directly to veins. This direct connection forms a high-pressure shunt or fistula. The veins are not able to handle the pressure of the blood coming directly from the arteries. The veins stretch and enlarge to create a “nidus”. Usually there are multiple feeding vessels in an AVM and many draining veins.

An AVM or arteriovenous malformation forms when arteries connect directly to veins. This direct connection forms a high-pressure shunt or fistula. The veins are not able to handle the pressure of the blood coming directly from the arteries. The veins stretch and enlarge to create a “nidus”. Usually there are multiple feeding vessels in an AVM and many draining veins.